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2   2 2 *#  < -@Times New Roman- 2 #  < Y@Times New Roman- 32 +  <Iraj BashiriAJT7*oT@].J. 2 +< < Z -2   <A BiographyHB31!,240 2   < .{@Times New Roman- 2 ;#  < <-#2 7  <copyright 2007,230!12L2222 2   < . 2 )#  < 2 2 c - 2  ,}2 LDr. Iraj Bashiri, Professor of History at the University of Minnesota, USA, H! !,B,'2!8!2!,''3!2!H'2"0,2,H22-"'/3!Y22,'2,H8HM2 I,was born on July 31, 1940 (9 Amordad, 1319; H,'#22!2#22"(2/#22#2222#!2#HN2!2,2#2222#2 I( 25 Jamadi al12"(,N,2#, 2 I4 -!(2 IU Sani, 1359 AH), in r8,2#2222"HH!#22 Mthe city of Behbahan, Iran. He completed his early education in the towns of o2,,,0,3!,C,22,3,2- ",2,H,-,2N2,,2,2',-,!0-,22-,22,2,2,,2H2',2"}2 / LDamaneh and Daran in Fereydan and his high school in Isfahan and Shiraz. He H,N,2,2$,22$I,!,2$2%7,".02,2$,22$2'$212$(,222$2%'!,3,2$,22$82!,-$H,v2 Ggraduated in1961 with a diploma in mathematics from the Hadj Qavam High1",22,,2-22222-H2.,-222N,-2-N,2,N,,'-!!2N-2,-I,2-H,2-N-H13 2 h 2  QSchool in Shiraz. While in high school, Bashiri showed a distinct talent for the 8,222%2%82!,-%_2+%2%212%(,222%C,'2!&'22H,2%,%2'2,%,,2&!2!%2-2 MEnglish language. In 1959, he emerged from the national competitions held at o=21'2*,312-2,+ 2*2322*2,*,N,"2,2*!!2N*3,*2,22,*,2N2,22'*2,2*,G2 (Ramsar as Iran's top student in English.C,N',!,' ",3'22'22,22=21'2 2  . 2 n  ,^2 n 7Between1960 and 1963, Bashiri studied English Language B,H-,22222!,22!2222"B,'2!!'22,2!=31'2"<,313-1,""2 n -and Literature ,22"<,",2!,82 at Pahlavi University (present,8,2,2H22,!'0!2",',2 2 --!Y2 N4day Shiraz University) and in 1963 graduated at the 2.082!,-H22,!(0!,22222222!,23,-2,2,2 T Stop of his class. While studying at Pahlavi, he also worked as a regional reporter 222!2',,''_2,'23031 ,8,2,23,,(2H2!2,3,' , !-122, ",22!,"-2 for the !2!12,1@Times New Roman-2  Kayhan DailyC2,2222H2,-^2 7 in the Fars province and taught English at the British1212,18,!'12!222-,1,321,2121=31'22,12-1B!'2 2 h j2 : ?Council in Shiraz and English literature at Pahlavi University.C222,282!,-,22=11'2,!,2!,,8,2,2H22,!'0 2 : 3  . 2  ,y2 IIn1964, Bashiri left Iran to study English Literature in England and, in 22222*B,'2!)-!* ",3)2)'230*=31'2*<,"-2!,)2)=31,23),22)22 N1966, he traveled to the United States to continue his education. In 1968, he 2222.2,.!,2,,2.2.1,.H2,2.8,,'.2.,2222,.2'.,22,,22/2.2222.2,F2 'received his M.A. degree in General Lin.!,,,3,22'YH2-1",-2H,3,!,<3I2  )guistics from the University of Michigan 912','!"2N2,H22,!'03!Y,22,22 Rand, in1972, his Ph.D. in Iranian Linguistics from the same University. Bashiri's ,22!22222!2'!82H!2" !,2,2"<312','!!!3N!2,!',N,!H22,!'0"B,'2!'-b2 y:dissertation is based on Ibn Sina's concept of Existence (2'',!,22$'$2,',2$23% 23$82,($,22-,2$2!%=3',2,,$!-2 y budanh22223-%2 y ). He shows that n!$H-$'23H'$2,-%2 the Persian verb n2,"8,!',2"3,!2"-2 <budanh22223-:2 7 (to be) has its own syntax. Th""2"2,!"2,("'"2H2")02-3"=252 4 is syntax in the context of '"(/2,3"2"2,",32,3"2 -12 _the concept of Becoming (o2,.,22-,2.2!/B-,2N21/!-2 _shodan'22222-P2 _ .) expresses transition, and in the context of !/,32!,'','.",2'22.,22.2.2,/,23,3.2 -2 Doing ( H221"-2 kardan,2'222-)2 ) expresses action. !,32!,''-',,22 2  - 2 E ,2 EOIn the United States, too, in addition to studying linguistics, Bashiri taught 22,H2,28,,'222,22212'23/31212','B,'2!,312C2 %Persian at the University of Michigani8,!',21,12,1H22,!'022!1Y,22,2F2  ' and trained Peace Corps volunteers in .1,221!,2,218,,,,1C2!2'12222,,!'12z2 +JVermont, New York, and New Jersey. In 1972, he was employed as a Visiting H,!N22&H,H&H2!2&,32&H,H&(,!'-0' 2&2222&2,&H,'&,N230-2&,'&,&H'22}2 LAssistant Professor of Iranian and Turkish Languages and Literatures at the H''',258!2!,''2!52!6!!,2,25,225=2!2'26<,312-2,'5,226<,",2!,'6,52,p2 CUniversity of Minnesota. During his early years at Minnesota, he usH22,!'083!8Y22,'2,8H2!3182'8-,!0:0-,!'8,8Y22,'2,83,83'2 Xed the ,282,2 Ptheoretical framework that he had developed in his dissertation as the base for 2,2!,,,)!!,O,H2!2(3,(2,(3,2(2,3,22,2(3)2'(2'',!,22(,'(2-(3,',(!3!-2 writing H!21#-+2 Persian for Beginners=,''22#2'#=,222,''-X2 O3. This book, which has been revised four times, is #=2'#2222#H2,2#2,'#2,,2#",2',2#!22!#N,'#'y2 jIavailable in both English and Russian languages. Bashiri was promoted to s,2,,2,;2;222;=21'2;,22;C2'',2;,212-1,'<B,'2!;H,';2!2O2,2;1#2 Associate ProfesH''2,,,8!2!,'C2  %sor in 1977 and to Professor in 1996.n'3!22222,2228!2!,''2!22322 2   - 2 P ,v2 PGProfessor Bashiri's courses at Minnesota include Iranian history (from 8!2!,''2!2C,'2!'2,22"','2,2Y22,'2,22,22,3 !,2,222'2#02"!!2O2 Mancient to modern times), Persian Literature (poetry and prose), and Iranian o,2,,2525N22,!25N,'!58,!',26;-!,2",5"22,"06,2252!2'-!5,236",2,3s2 6ELanguages and Linguistics. He also has developed and taught courses m<,313-1,'+,22+,<312(,'+H,+,'2+2,'+2,2,32,2+,22+,312+,22!',',2 6_on the 22+2,-